Documentary - CONTENT RESEARCH
BBC Three Research
Creating a documentary for the commission on BBC Three means researching their remits and the style. The reason to why the programme would be on BBC Three and no other channels. This is really important that me and my group understand what makes a BBC Three programme brilliant, commissioned and appealing to their audiences.
BBC Three moved from television in 2005 to an online platform based on Iplayer. BBC Three pride themselves on making content directed to their " audience is 16-34 year olds" (BBC, 2013) . Although BBC is now an online platform and has been for some while, I truly believe this fits in well with other streaming platforms like Amazon Prime, Netflix etc which is are all also online streaming platforms. Both these platforms are extremely successful especially with the generation BBC Three appeals too and that's why they're still successful with an online presence.
BBC Three appeal to a younger audience by creating content specifically for that age range, the diversity and opinions of young adults give unique opinions and a different prospective to such of BBC One and other channels. After researching the content through the BBC Three website (Iplayer) it shows you the type of diverse comedic content they make, including programmes mostly based around young adult characters or harder hitting content that focuses on darker experiences like drugs and sex.
It almost feels like they're trying to explore topics that younger people may find harder to speak about, topics that almost every teenager or young adult might face or experience; like drug taking, sexual abuse etc. They give different opinions and views that could make the outsider feel like they matter and I think that's a really important segment of BBC Three is that they make every young voice heard in different styles.
BBC Three also have a big social media presence which also represents their target audience of a younger demographic who are naturally the social media generation. I feel this is also really important because this makes me think of the types of relevant topics like social media that would fit the age bracket remit.
What have I learnt about BBC3?
I have learnt from researching BBC Three that audience and relevancy are so important to get right within our own documentaries. BBC Three really do nail the target audience of 16-34 year olds and before I go into researching our chosen topic, it's important I understand the certain aspects that need to be featured to ensure it is inline with the BBC 3 remit. I also have learnt that their content is very personable, it features young people with powerful messages to tell which is why it is so successful with the target audience, it makes young adults feel they have a voice, that matters. I will ensure that we as a group, stick to the target audience and think of ideas that are personable for our audience. We want a voice to be heard.
Fig 1. BBC Three logo (2019)
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Initial Ideas
Once we had got into our groups and worked through the brief it was important after researching the remit of BBC Three we began brainstorming ideas. As we are the target audience and fit within the target demographic for BBC Three it was important we created a documentary about something relevant and important to us which Beth had explained, she advised it was important for us to ask 'What is relevant to us and what is bothering us' to ensure we're documenting something which is important as we are within the BBC 3 target audience. I feel this was a really important lesson to learn because it's actually really important that we're thinking about what is bothering us, in a way that we can be passionate about the documentary and focus on real day to day issues for our age group.
Idea One
We started brainstorming ideas, with our first initial idea being about the segregation of groups such as LGBTQ, Black Society groups etc after George who is a group member saw the groups advertised on a university website with the terms and conditions being that only people who are within this category can attend. George's argument being that groups fight for the right to be accepted however segregate themselves by only including people within their category.
Although, I can understand George's point, it was important for me to explain that people within these society's have the groups as their safe place and its not a type of segregation, it's a way of having a safe place from the prejudice they may face from people who aren't from the communities. We also discussed within the group how this could be a massively touchy subject and we could give off the wrong impression. For me personally, I really didn't like this idea, especially as none of us within the group understand the situations they may face daily which I feel would mean we didn't fully understand the idea. I feel it's really important for us to have been effected about what our documentary will be based on so we can make sure we're giving unbiased opinions but also understand.
Idea Two
The second idea came from Stanley Graham who suggested we investigated the impact of Cancel Culture on today's young society. Especially with the passing of Caroline Flack it really brings to life the impact on how bullying over social media can influence someones life to the point they take their own. There has also been many occasions in which the public has taken to social media to 'out' a celebrity for something they have done. We thought this was a good idea and all enjoyed discussing it; however, we felt it would be hard to convey.
Idea Three
Our third idea that I had mentioned to the group was about how Fake News and Fake news stories impact peoples lives. Especially with the Coronavirus being such a big topic due to the current circumstances, the spread of social media rumors and word of mouth has caused people to panic buy and take further precautions that may not even be needed. An example of Fake News being that the company who make the Corona Beer have had a decrease in sales due to having the same name of the virus; however, they have recently released a statement advising that their sales have not been affected. The spread of people mentioning their decrease in sales could have actually impacted their sales. All of us within the group really liked this idea and all felt passionate about gaining views from people who may have been affected and to spread awareness of how easy it is to spread fake news and misinformation.
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Below is the proposal we wrote as a group together, after we had decided to chose the idea of 'Fake News' we created the proposal to gain an understanding of our documentary and to start gathering research and information within our idea.
How to Research for a documentary.
I started doing the research for the group and came across a lot of the Fake News that had been spread about Coronavirus, as Beth had informed us that documentaries should be relevant and we should be questioning exactly why now this would be chosen to be commissioned, this was a perfect subject to feature within our documentary because it is happening right now.
Below are some news articles I found online discussing the fake news which has come along with the Corona Virus and the spread of misinformation.
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/blogs-trending-51931394 - (BBC News, 2020)
The link above is a report from BBC News which shows how misinformation can be spread, it takes an example of a post on Facebook which had been shared multiple times in regards to a runny nose not being a symptom of the Virus. Although, a runny nose is a rare symptom the NHS and government have confirmed that having a runny nose or not having one does not determine if you do or don't have the virus. I feel this article shares the importance of our documentary and the impact this could have on the spread of the virus. For instance, if someone saw the post and had all the symptoms of the virus but assumed because they also had a runny nose they were fine, this could have caused the spread of the virus further.
https://www.kentonline.co.uk/medway/news/barber-slams-hoax-facebook-page-223726/ - (Kent Messenger, 2020)
Journolink. (2019) Fake News statistics - How big is the problem? At: https://journolink.com/blog/319-fake-news-statistics-2019-uk-worldwide-data (Accessed 23/03/2020)
Kachroo, R. (2019) 'ITV News Security Editor reveals why his on air meltdown sends a warning to all diabetics who ignore symptoms of low blood sugar' In: The Daily Mail 02/02/2019. (Accessed 15/03/2020).
New York Film Academy. (2016) How to prepare and conduct a Documentary interview. At: https://www.nyfa.edu/student-resources/how-to-prepare-and-conduct-a-documentary-interview/ (Accessed 20/03/2020)
Robinson, O. (2020) 'Coronavirus: How bad information goes viral' In: BBC News 19/03/2020. At: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/blogs-trending-51931394 (Accessed 19/03/2020).
Shinnick, T. (2018) Documentary Filmmaking 101: Effectively Researching Tour Topic. At: https://www.premiumbeat.com/blog/effective-documentary-research-resources/ (Accessed 18/03/2020)
Sociology, G. (2018) Documentary: Meaning, Types of Documentaries films and modes. At: https://www.sociologygroup.com/documentaries-types/ (Accessed 25/03/2020)
Studio Binder. (2020) Ultimate AV Script Template Write Better Ads. At: https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/av-script-template/ (Accessed on 22/03/2020)
Creating a documentary for the commission on BBC Three means researching their remits and the style. The reason to why the programme would be on BBC Three and no other channels. This is really important that me and my group understand what makes a BBC Three programme brilliant, commissioned and appealing to their audiences.
BBC Three moved from television in 2005 to an online platform based on Iplayer. BBC Three pride themselves on making content directed to their " audience is 16-34 year olds" (BBC, 2013) . Although BBC is now an online platform and has been for some while, I truly believe this fits in well with other streaming platforms like Amazon Prime, Netflix etc which is are all also online streaming platforms. Both these platforms are extremely successful especially with the generation BBC Three appeals too and that's why they're still successful with an online presence.
BBC Three appeal to a younger audience by creating content specifically for that age range, the diversity and opinions of young adults give unique opinions and a different prospective to such of BBC One and other channels. After researching the content through the BBC Three website (Iplayer) it shows you the type of diverse comedic content they make, including programmes mostly based around young adult characters or harder hitting content that focuses on darker experiences like drugs and sex.
It almost feels like they're trying to explore topics that younger people may find harder to speak about, topics that almost every teenager or young adult might face or experience; like drug taking, sexual abuse etc. They give different opinions and views that could make the outsider feel like they matter and I think that's a really important segment of BBC Three is that they make every young voice heard in different styles.
BBC Three also have a big social media presence which also represents their target audience of a younger demographic who are naturally the social media generation. I feel this is also really important because this makes me think of the types of relevant topics like social media that would fit the age bracket remit.
What have I learnt about BBC3?
I have learnt from researching BBC Three that audience and relevancy are so important to get right within our own documentaries. BBC Three really do nail the target audience of 16-34 year olds and before I go into researching our chosen topic, it's important I understand the certain aspects that need to be featured to ensure it is inline with the BBC 3 remit. I also have learnt that their content is very personable, it features young people with powerful messages to tell which is why it is so successful with the target audience, it makes young adults feel they have a voice, that matters. I will ensure that we as a group, stick to the target audience and think of ideas that are personable for our audience. We want a voice to be heard.
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Initial Ideas
Once we had got into our groups and worked through the brief it was important after researching the remit of BBC Three we began brainstorming ideas. As we are the target audience and fit within the target demographic for BBC Three it was important we created a documentary about something relevant and important to us which Beth had explained, she advised it was important for us to ask 'What is relevant to us and what is bothering us' to ensure we're documenting something which is important as we are within the BBC 3 target audience. I feel this was a really important lesson to learn because it's actually really important that we're thinking about what is bothering us, in a way that we can be passionate about the documentary and focus on real day to day issues for our age group.
Idea One
We started brainstorming ideas, with our first initial idea being about the segregation of groups such as LGBTQ, Black Society groups etc after George who is a group member saw the groups advertised on a university website with the terms and conditions being that only people who are within this category can attend. George's argument being that groups fight for the right to be accepted however segregate themselves by only including people within their category.
Although, I can understand George's point, it was important for me to explain that people within these society's have the groups as their safe place and its not a type of segregation, it's a way of having a safe place from the prejudice they may face from people who aren't from the communities. We also discussed within the group how this could be a massively touchy subject and we could give off the wrong impression. For me personally, I really didn't like this idea, especially as none of us within the group understand the situations they may face daily which I feel would mean we didn't fully understand the idea. I feel it's really important for us to have been effected about what our documentary will be based on so we can make sure we're giving unbiased opinions but also understand.
Idea Two
The second idea came from Stanley Graham who suggested we investigated the impact of Cancel Culture on today's young society. Especially with the passing of Caroline Flack it really brings to life the impact on how bullying over social media can influence someones life to the point they take their own. There has also been many occasions in which the public has taken to social media to 'out' a celebrity for something they have done. We thought this was a good idea and all enjoyed discussing it; however, we felt it would be hard to convey.
Idea Three
Our third idea that I had mentioned to the group was about how Fake News and Fake news stories impact peoples lives. Especially with the Coronavirus being such a big topic due to the current circumstances, the spread of social media rumors and word of mouth has caused people to panic buy and take further precautions that may not even be needed. An example of Fake News being that the company who make the Corona Beer have had a decrease in sales due to having the same name of the virus; however, they have recently released a statement advising that their sales have not been affected. The spread of people mentioning their decrease in sales could have actually impacted their sales. All of us within the group really liked this idea and all felt passionate about gaining views from people who may have been affected and to spread awareness of how easy it is to spread fake news and misinformation.
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Below is the proposal we wrote as a group together, after we had decided to chose the idea of 'Fake News' we created the proposal to gain an understanding of our documentary and to start gathering research and information within our idea.
Documentary proposal
Title- Influenced by lies
Top Line- To what extent does fake news and misinformation influence the public?
Synopsis- This documentary explores the different ways in which misinformation through media can impact people and their lives. It will do this through interviews with members of the public, someone directly affected by fake news and an influencer who gives their views on dealing with it.
Why Now?- Recent events such as the Corona virus have highlighted the ability for the media to influence the public as seen in the panic buying as a result of this event. Furthermore, this is relevant now as the media is clearly more influential than ever, which may not be a good thing when it comes to unreliable sources of information. These recent events have caused a lot of discussion around the power of the media, reinforcing the importance of this story as it is something which will entertain viewers as they can learn the extent to which this is true.
Why BBC3?- This documentary focusses on the individual effects of the media coverage of events rather than the actual events, which is a different perspective to the one usually given in other documentary films seen on more mainstream channels.
Form and style- Within this documentary, we will need to be very careful with the way information is presented. This is because presenting it in a way which is too dramatic will cause it to be in danger of being hypocritical by presenting news in a misleading way. Furthermore, we will use bold text in the style of an investigation, but without being overly dramatic for the reason stated above. We will use online interviews, social media screenshots and symbolic cutaways to convey the story so that the focus is on the people impacted by fake news, we will also be doing this along with a narrator. As we’re unable to use news footage due to copyright, we will be using a narrator to move along our story and deliver statistics/meanings relevant to Fake News and misinformation. We feel this is important for us to ensure we’re creating a documentary that anyone who is unaware of fake news and the meaning can enjoy the documentary, with the narrator carrying the beginning and end.
Online interviews also link to the theme of the media and this connection will become apparent to the audience as the story progresses. Additionally, the title sequence will consist of pieces of newspaper which come together through stop motion animation and spell the title. This will continue throughout the documentary and will symbolise the idea of the manipulation of news which is a key theme of this film.
Contributors- For our contributors we would like to get in contact with someone who has been directly impacted by misinformation. At the moment we have a person in mind whose barber shop had false information spread about it which caused him to lose customers. Also, we want to speak to an influencer to find out how fake news would impact them and whether they have a plan to deal with it. Finally, we will speak to members of the public to show the audience that anyone can be impacted by fake news, ensuring that the film is relatable for everyone.
Proposed locations- All interviews will be done online to link to the theme of the media. Any cutaways will be used to symbolise something within the interview, such as a street to link to members of the public.
Challenges- Getting contributors could be a challenge as it may be difficult to find people who have been affected by misinformation and are willing to discuss it as they may find it embarrassing. Although, some people may want their story to be heard relating to this topic, which would make them want to be in the documentary. Also, some people affected may not have posted publicly about it as something may have had a more subtle impact, such as just causing confusion for them so they're less likely to share this online; making it harder to track them down.
Another challenge will be finding cutaways which are interesting and not repetitive. This will be difficult as when speaking about the media, the first thought would be to get archival footage from past media broadcasts which will be very boring for the audience as this wouldn't provide any visual interest and it could also cause copyright issues. Furthermore, we will use symbolic cutaways to represent something relating to the interviewee, giving the audience more information and adding more visual interest to the documentary. Finally, we need to ensure that this documentary is neutral. As we have now decided to use a narrator this is particularly important because if we are biased and appear to be fearmongering, this will make our documentary hypocritical as it would be presenting fake news itself, despite this being the topic of the film. We will ensure that the narrator is being used purely to explain what is happening, who is being interviewed next and to further our story. We want our documentary to be fair and let the audience consider their own opinion with the information and opinions we have provided over our topic.
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Before I began researching for my job role within the documentary, I wanted to ensure I understood and learnt how to efficiently provide and gain research for a documentary specifically. I feel it is important for me to research this as I want to ensure I am providing the best research materials as the sole researcher for our documentary group to make sure we have engaging information that is also factual.
I decided to look at an article that was published by Premium beat which speaks about how to efficiently get accurate information relating to your documentary. 'The process of researching a documentary subject can unveil fascinating details in your films narrative'. (Shinnick, 2018)
Within the article Shinnick spoke around the benefits of different sources and where you should look first when initially researching.
The first tip was around researching through 'Research Papers'. It advises that by looking up research that has already been conducted around your chosen subject, it allows you to see the perspectives and opinions your audience may have when viewing your documentary. It also helps to send you down different avenues of research on new information you may have found within the texts.
Secondly, the article discusses using Newspapers as a credible source. It speaks about how useful they are when conducting research on documentaries because they can bring new idea and research you might not have been looking at before. They should also provide you with factual information.
Lastly, the article discuses how firsthand accounts are so important because it's information that is unlikely to be public information because this is a persons experience with your topic of choice for your documentary. The article discusses how it can give your documentary a unique edge as it has opinions and stories people may not have heard.
From looking into this article surrounding how to conduct good research for your documentary, it has allowed me to begin brainstorming the avenues of research I am going to want to look at. I feel as our story is Fake News, it was really important for me to learn about the benefits of researching through newspaper articles because this should bring us factual content that we are able to use within our documentary. It was also really useful to learn about how first hand accounts can give your documentary a unique feel. Within our documentary, we want to be able to show how Fake News can be so effective for everyone regardless of age and that unfortunately, it can affect peoples live for the bad. By now learning that firsthand accounts can give a unique experience for your audience, I think this fits perfectly with fake news and the audience we are trying to target 16-34 year olds within our BBC Three remit as we want to show and offer different perspectives through interviews.
I'm glad I did the initial research above as it has allowed me to see the importance of first hand accounts, with that in mind, we worked out together as a group that we will be looking to get a public perspective of Fake News, along with personal experiences by people that have been affected. We will be doing this by holding interviews with a range of diverse people who can give us different perspectives. As the research shows, first hand accounts can also give you a unique experience within your documentary which is definitely something we are looking for to fit our BBC 3 remit and the brief of '2020 Vision'.
I'm glad I did the initial research above as it has allowed me to see the importance of first hand accounts, with that in mind, we worked out together as a group that we will be looking to get a public perspective of Fake News, along with personal experiences by people that have been affected. We will be doing this by holding interviews with a range of diverse people who can give us different perspectives. As the research shows, first hand accounts can also give you a unique experience within your documentary which is definitely something we are looking for to fit our BBC 3 remit and the brief of '2020 Vision'.
Initial Research on our idea.
It was important we begun researching the idea and it was decided I was going to be the researcher for this project as part of my job role. I needed to make sure the idea was accessible and we were able to access people who may have been affected by the spread of false information or fake news.I started doing the research for the group and came across a lot of the Fake News that had been spread about Coronavirus, as Beth had informed us that documentaries should be relevant and we should be questioning exactly why now this would be chosen to be commissioned, this was a perfect subject to feature within our documentary because it is happening right now.
Below are some news articles I found online discussing the fake news which has come along with the Corona Virus and the spread of misinformation.
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/blogs-trending-51931394 - (BBC News, 2020)
The link above is a report from BBC News which shows how misinformation can be spread, it takes an example of a post on Facebook which had been shared multiple times in regards to a runny nose not being a symptom of the Virus. Although, a runny nose is a rare symptom the NHS and government have confirmed that having a runny nose or not having one does not determine if you do or don't have the virus. I feel this article shares the importance of our documentary and the impact this could have on the spread of the virus. For instance, if someone saw the post and had all the symptoms of the virus but assumed because they also had a runny nose they were fine, this could have caused the spread of the virus further.
https://www.kentonline.co.uk/medway/news/barber-slams-hoax-facebook-page-223726/ - (Kent Messenger, 2020)
The second link above, shows how locally this has affected our business and that a spread of misinformation can cause loss of money and reputation which fits in with our brief of 'Medway 2020'. The news article is about how a local business owner lost business and customers after a fake Facebook account posted that one of his staff members had the Virus. This meant the following day no customers turned up to the barbers based in Gillingham. I feel this is important for us to cover, especially as this is local and very much on our front door.
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-6661261/ITV-News-Security-Editor-reveals-air-meltdown-sends-warning-diabetics.html (The Daily Mail, 2018)
The third link above shows a topic that was discussed in our group and bought to our attention by Sydney who told us about the situation with Rohit Kachroo who is an ITV News Reporter. In 2017 during a news report about the Whitehall terror attacks, Rohit reported the news however mumbled and stuttered throughout which caused members of social media to tweet about Rohit Kachroo being drunk while reporting. I have left some of the tweets below. This shows how misinformation could of stopped his career, especially as Rohit was not drunk but suffering from low blood sugar. Rohit is Diabetic.
We decided as a group the best way to film the interviews with our contributors and public interviews is by using Zoom or Microsoft Teams. These are both online platforms you can use to have meetings online with people. It also means you can see the other person through a phone or computer webcam. This means although this is not what we thought would happen, we needed to use this to conduct and film our interviews. To ensure I am doing this to the best ability and learning the best ways in which we should conduct this. I did some research on webcam interviews and a test shoot, you can find on the 'Test Shoot' blog post.
Due to current circumstances and the situation we are in, as I've mentioned above we are needing to change and adapt to the current circumstances. As a group we decided that using a narrator would help us progress the story, due to the limited shots we're going to be able to gather due to being stuck at home. We are also planning on using a narrator because we want to be clear and precise, I suggested using a narrator as it allowed us to ensure that statistics are clear and being delivered in a personable manor. I want the narrator to speak directly to the audience and engage with them by building rapport. I wanted to ensure I knew the use of a narrator and how narration can move forward our documentary so I conducted some research below.
NARRATION RESEARCH
To ensure that I understand why narration is used, I critically analysed a text that had been written by Carlos Carmona who discusses the role and purpose of film narration and narrative. He discusses how using narrative can forward your story and engage with the audience.
He also discusses that the 'principal role of narration is to cue the audience's story-line comprehension'. (Carmona, 2017). How narrative is used to help the audience understand the topic or story-line of your documentary.
The text advises that narrative can be used with cues, segments and gaps to introduce what the audience will be learning about or visualising next. He says that 'Narration can be understood as a means for the transmission and processing of information'. By using narrative it allows the audience to clearly process the information you are providing.
Within documentaries he explains that narrative can be beneficial, as it can also be used to help the audience question their own opinions surrounding the topic you are giving them information around. It allows the audience to make up their own mind without the narrative being biased or influencing their opinion.
By reading the text it allowed me to understand why using a narrator can be beneficial towards your documentary and by using an unbiased and un-passive tone, it allows the audience to become engaged and voice their own opinion in relation to your subject. I feel this is really beneficial for our documentary, as we are doing our documentary on 'Fake News' which is a broad topic, we want our viewers to be able to have their own opinion with the information and statistics we give them.
As we are also using members of the public to discuss their opinions on fake news and how they may have experienced misinformation within social media, it's really important I learn from this research and ensure we take an unbiased approach to our narrative with clear and factual statistics.I will do this by ensuring we are using factual statistics that I have thoroughly researched so there is no chance of misinformation as this would be really misleading otherwise.
I also want to ensure we are using clear narrative, as the research shows, it is important that you are not using passive dialogue and that using narrative to segment into each part of the documentary and our interviews is a good way of forwarding the documentary and story. I will ensure I do this when discussing the narrative within the group because it allows our audience to be engaged within our documentary because we're forwarding the story with narrative and also it allows are audience to understand their own ideas and opinions. I feel this is something we really need to get right within our documentary, especially as the documentary is on 'Fake News' it is important as a group we don't share anything non factual.
How to make a good documentary narration. - (Alison, 2019)
I also wanted to do research on more specific tips related to documentaries. I came across a website that gave three specific tips about documentary narrative which I thought were really useful in relation to the documentary I am filming. They gave the following tips:
1. Attract the audience with a great voice.
The article discusses that the voice over used, should be clear and precise, should be an engaging voice and captivating. The voice should also be able to emphasize on specific parts of the correct narrative and build rapport with the audience.
2.Narrate to match the documentaries tone.
They advised that it is important that the voice over you use is engaging, as narration is a way to create rapport and build engagement with your audience. By using a voice that is someone of the target audience of your documentary, it should engage with the audience. It gives the example of a teenager wouldn't fit the audience of a Nature Documentary normally narrated by David Attenborough because it doesn't fit the target audience of the documentary.
3. Enhance your documentary appeal with localisation.
It discusses how using different voice over's with different languages, can appeal to more multi-lingual audiences and to a wider variety of countries.
I felt this was really helpful research and has helped me understand the benefits clearly on why using narration and voice-over within your documentary can build rapport with the audience. Also, on how using clear tones and emphasising on specific parts of the narrative, the information in which you want the audience to engage with can also add affect and engagement with the audience. I'm going to ensure within my documentary we are using a voice over presenter who focuses on using a clear tone, it also is important as research shows, that the voice over presenter we chose is within our target audience of the BBC Three remit of 16-34 year olds as this is proven to be more engaging and interesting for our target audience.
Due to current circumstances, we are unable to audition voice over presenters and have needed to use our own group members to be able to use narration within our documentary. As a group we decided that Sydney would be the narrator of our documentary. To ensure that we are still following the research above and using the tips to ensure that our narration is unbiased, precise, factual and engaging, I have recommended to Sydney that she uses videos online to be able to practice how to get the best narrative voice. As the research shows that the voiceover should be representative of our BBC Three target audience, Sydney also works perfectly because she fits within this remit and will engage with our target market more.
George also put together character profiles for who was going to be in our documentary. As we had all noted down the ideas and we had decided on Fake News, we ran through what would be included within our documentary. It was my idea to involve the public and show how big of a subject Fake News is and how nearly everyone is affected. I have inserted the document showing the character profiles below. I feel this was a really good thing for us to have done as it gave us a brilliant understanding of the people we would need to contact to interview. This also was the part of the process we decided our job roles and contacted the people we hoped to get interviews from.
Fig. 4 One Drive document - Character profiles (2020)
My job role decided was that I was going to be DOP and researcher as I had been the one to research news articles and our interviewers while we were all thinking of ideas. I feel my job role is really important as camera movement and how I film shots will determine how professional our documentary looks and how different angles, shots and movement create the feel and tone for our documentary. As we have decided we want this to feel like an investigation into how Fake News and misinformation can affect people through social media, we want it to have a dark edge. To ensure that I get these roles right and ensure our documentary is to a professional standard. I have researched both roles within documentary below, so I can ensure I learn and adapt to documentary making.
My Vision as DOP as mentioned above is to ensure I show the tone and feel of the video, while also ensuring all footage, cutaways and interviews are professionally shot and to a high standard. I will do this by using the research below and also the workshops we have done with both Helen, Ferg and Beth. We recently did a workshop on interviews techniques and lighting which was really helpful and taught me alot. Even from ensuring the background and set up to the interview is relevant, this is something I have learnt and will ensure I follow through, as if the background is messy and basic or irrelevant, it is really distracting for the audience which is not what I want as DOP.
Iphone Research
As the DP for our documentary, I felt it was really important to adapt to current circumstances by researching how to get the best image through an Iphone. As I'm not lucky enough to have a DSLR, I wanted to ensure I was still trying to capture footage that looks professional.
After watching some videos that had been filmed with just an Iphone, like the video below that are shot beautifully with an Iphone (which you would of never guessed). I did some research to learn for myself how to create the best footage through an Iphone so I can do my best under circumstances, to provide footage for our documentary.
Within the Bio of the video, the creator advised the video was shot in 4k, 24p, 48p and 60p. The creator also mentioned using 'Filmic Pro' for each shot, which I'm not aware of so will also be researching around this app. The content looks truly brilliant and as if it was shot with a DSLR or other type of camera, definitely not an Iphone.
Within an article on shoutmeloud.com, it discussed and gave tips on the best way to use an Iphone to ensure quality footage is still being shot without a DSLR or expensive camera. The article gave tips and suggestions to ensure:
1. You remember to clean your lens.
As it's easy to forget due to the fact you're not using a camera, it is important to remember to treat it like one. It's important to clean the lens to ensure that the footage is clear and does not have any unwanted speckles on the footage.
2. Use the AE/AF lock.
AE and AF which stands for the Auto Exposure and Auto Focus means Iphones automatically focus and set the exposure levels while you're filming. Within the article they advise to always set the lock on the main focus within your shot. Once you have clicked on this, it will then lock in the focus and exposure.
3. Front and Back camera.
The article discussed the fact that the front camera is actually only 720p in which the back camera is 1080p with higher resolution.
4. Remain editing on your computer.
The article also mentions to remember to continue editing on your computer and recommends you don't use any editing tools on your iphone as you can't get the same impact. Also recommends using colour grading as you would normally, to get the best look from your footage if needed.
I've learnt from this article the importance of ensuring you continue to keep up filming standards. As even though I will be filming with an Iphone, it's still important that I remember to clean the lens because it would cause speckles if filming which could result in my shot being ruined by potential dirt or dust on the camera. I also wasn't aware of the frame rates for each side of my Iphone. I didn't know that the Back camera was better quality and more high definition. This was important for me to learn so that I ensure when I am filming for my documentary, I am filming with the same camera and always using the back camera to ensure better quality. I also want to make sure with each shot I am following the tip by using the AE and AF lock otherwise I could be filming and the shot could be ruined by the Iphone automatically focusing on something else, or changing exposure due to me moving the camera. This means it could take longer for me to get a shot because it continues to change focus points. So it's important I remember to use that. Overall, I found this article really handy and it has taught me a few main things to look out for before filming and during.
Research through Youtube.
I then wanted to look at research that was specific to my Iphone. My Iphone is an 8+, so it was important that I looked at research that was specific to my Iphone due to the fact they evolve with time and have more features on the newer Iphone. I looked into this video by a creator on youtube who gives tips on his Iphone which was a 7+. I found this video particularly useful as he also explained what 'Filmic Pro' the app I mentioned earlier was. Within the video he mentioned the following things:
1. Use a manual camera app.
Within the video the creator discusses using the Filmic Pro app which is a manual camera app, as the Iphone does not have features a normal DSLR or camera would have, by downloading the app on your phone, it allows you to manage the shutter speed, frame rate, focus etc.
2.Find lighting that helps separate your subjects
Sheldon also advises that due to using your Iphone, it is harder to gain a depth of field, he advises by using natural lighting, you're able to create a depth of field and separate the background from the foreground with focus.
3.Under expose to gain dynamic range
Within the video, he also mentions that by under exposing you can create a dynamic range which means that details is seen in your shot a lot more and is prominent. It helps with the contrast of shadows and highlights which creates a more cinematic tone.
4.Shoot in 4k
Another tip is to always shoot in 4k, to give the best quality of video. I have checked the attributes of my Iphone which does shoot in 4k.
5.Keep the framing in mind and crop in post production.
Sheldon also advises that the frame rate of 2:35:1 creates cinematic footage and helps you set the tone. You can do this by shooting wider and then cropping it to ratio in post.
6. Colour Correction
Always remember to colour correct your footage within post production to focus on the lighting, highlights and shadows you have already created.
I really enjoyed learning about shooting on my Iphone with the video above, I feel Sheldon gave really good tips on how to practically use your Iphone to create footage that is cinematic with a professional look which I didn't think was possible before. It's really important that I now take what I've learnt and put it into practice by looking into getting a manual camera app I can use. This is so I can control aspects of my footage like you would on a camera to ensure that I am filming the best quality I can. It was also really exciting to learn about how you can use natural light to create depth of field. By using light you can separate the background from the foreground and create separate focus, which is something I want to make sure I'm trying when filming. As this will allow me to take the footage to a professional level. I am also going to conduct a test shoot to ensure that I am putting the factors above into practice. Especially because I haven't used the app before, it's important I'm practicing shooting and also cropping the frame rate as I feel by me doing this and putting into practice what I've learnt about Iphones, I will be able to create cinematic footage and cutaways for the documentary, in which will then have the cinematic, dark feel we are going for.
Stock Footage Research
As I have mentioned above, I am unable to be a regular DP and shoot what we have planned. As we unfortunately cannot film what we have planned, I wanted to ensure I was still providing sufficient footage as DP for the Editor Stanley Graham.
To ensure that I was using licensed footage that was legal and free for us to use, I researched the best websites. An article on blog.hootsuite.com allowed me to take a look at the benefits of all different sites that provided free stock footage.
After looking at a few of the sites, the article recommended the website 'Pexels' because 'Their collection is also under the CC0 license, so you can edit and use the videos for personal or commercial purposes without asking for permission or linking back to the original source.' (Pexels, 2020) This made me want to investigate the website, as it meant I was able to provide the footage to Stanley, meaning he was able to then edit the footage and we could use it without needing to thank or credit the original film maker.
Fig. 5 Screenshot of Pexels website (2020)
As I now knew I could use this footage as it was licensed and available, I continued to use the script we had created together, to get any cutaways we were wishing to use. I have put a few examples of what I had found below. I had downloaded all the 32 cutaway videos and then put them within a one drive folder so our editor Stanley, could easily access the videos and was ready to edit when the rest of our documentary and our interview had been completed.
It was really interesting to learn about stock footage and it was useful to read the article on different stock footage websites and which ones are better. This means I now have this research throughout future projects I do too, meaning that I can use footage if needed. It was also useful to learn how different licenses mean different things and that using Pexels allows us to use the footage, credit free and we are entitled to edit the clip which is perfect for this project and our documentary. Although, I would prefer to be shooting the footage myself and due to circumstances not being able too. I hope this helps my group by me providing footage still as DP for them to use, especially within the edit.
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PITCH AND FEEDBACK - Monday 30th March
As part of our project we needed to pitch our idea as a group. It was important we covered all aspects of our documentary and clearly put across our idea and our target audience. After all, researching BBC 3 has taught me how important target audience and different perspective is, they pride themselves on letting young voices be heard and for different perspectives to be shown. I wanted to make sure we got this through within the presentation so I made sure to remind the group of our target audience. We decided on which slides we were going to do, I wanted to write about our SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threat) and I also did the Story Resolution.
To ensure that my slides specifically were up to scratch and professional, I conducted research through the materials we had been given in regards to conducting a pitch. It taught me that when conducting a pitch you need to ensure that you are keeping the information relevant. It's important that the target audience are at the forefront of your idea and we are making our ideas clear. I wanted to do this by putting in statistics into my slides, It was important for me to pitch the idea by showing how important Fake News is and how impact it is to everyday life.
By conducting research, I found a survey and statistics that had been carried out by JournoLink in which they found out that there had been over 200 millions engagements in 2016 in which Facebook later deemed Fake News. I felt this was a statistic which could have a massive impact. It shows the audience we are pitching too exactly how relevant and current our idea it. Which I have learnt that the idea being current is a massive part of how BBC 3 chose what to commission. So this was also another reason it was very important for me to put in statistics within my slide. I have inserted the link below.
Part of the pitching research also showed that it was important for the design of your pitch to show the feel and tone of your video. I wanted to implement this by making sure my slides were relevant to our topic. As I have mentioned above we also decided we wanted to create a dark and mysterious feel, we want the audience to feel as if they're on an investigation with us. So I wanted to make sure my slides showed this with pictures while also fitting the feel of my other group members slides. I have inserted both my slides down below.
Fig. 9 SWOT Pitch Slide (2020)
I also saw from the pitch advice that was given to us, it showed how important it is to address any issues you may face and give reasoning as to why and how we would overcome this. I wanted to address why our documentary 'has legs', why it is important, relevant and the strengths we can work to, to ensure this documentary fits our target audience and is ready to be commissioned on BBC 3.
As Social media is the sole part of our documentary, showing how Fake News affects people through social media massively plays to our target audience of 16-34 as this is the age for prime social media users. Our documentary also gives us a chance to give the public the opportunity to speak about issues relating to Fake News and their opinions, I feel this needed to be put into my slide because this also shows how we want young voices to be heard, which is also in the BBC 3 remit.
Once we had done our presentation we were given feedback as a group, I was really happy with the feedback as my slides were given good feedback, with the story resolution and the statistics showing the relevancy and our aim for the documentary. We were also given feedback of being careful in regards to newspaper clippings etc and ensuring that if we are focusing on social media and also online news that we aren't including footage or shots that introduces the idea of print media, as we are not discussing this. This has taught me that I need to ensure that as DOP, I'm monitoring any stock footage we use, or any shots I plan on shooting to ensure it is relevant to our content and although fake news is also within print media, this is not what we are focusing on, so I don't want to as DOP include any footage that may confuse the audience.
We were also given feedback on the contributors and that through the slides it may not have been obvious why we were using those specific interviewees. I feel this was important for us to hear as a group as it has made us re-evaluate the reason for why we have chosen each person and that they are in a documentary for a reason and not just because they are accessible.
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What makes a documentary?
To ensure I have the right understanding of what makes a good documentary and what format documentaries follow I have researched the formats, content and makings of a good documentary. I want to ensure that along with the lessons we are learning from everyday lectures, I am ensuring I am researching into documentaries also.
Types of Documentaries - (sociologygroup - 2018)
Poetic Documentaries
Poetic documentaries focus on the images and stories that show you a different viewpoint. They are individual and in an experimental form.
Expository Documentary
Normally there to pursued or inform the audience.
Observational Documentary
Focuses on the world and its surroundings. Can be intimate and personable.
Participatory Documentary
Participatory features the film maker and their narrative. They are featured within the documentary and impact the story with their voice.
Reflexive Documentary
Also features the film maker however the focus is mainly on them and not outside of the subject.
Performative Documentary
A documentary shown through truth and personal stories.
I needed to research the different types and styles of documentary to allow me to focus on our own documentary of Fake News. It was really beneficial to see the types of documentaries and analyse in which category ours falls under. Due to current circumstances, I feel it is important we are focusing on producing a poetic documentary, as we are going to have a limited chance of filming cutaways, etc. We need to make sure every shot is relevant and has a perspective we can show from a different point of view. We want to allow our viewers to understand Fake News yet have their own opinions on how they feel about it.
Creating the Interview Questions
Interview Research
As we had our interview workshop with Helen and Ferg which was mainly about lighting, I thought it was important that I researched around interview questions so I can ensure my questions are relevant, professional and get the best out of our interviewees. As DP also, I feel it is important for me to learn about the set up of an interview and what factors go into setting up your interview. Although, we will be filming the interviews through Zoom which is a platform used to connect with people through video on a laptop due to current circumstances. I felt it was important for me to learn around interviews.
I started of by looking at an article that was published by the New York Film Academy which provided tips on how to get the best for your documentary. It also went over some of the things Helen and Ferg has also mentioned previously into what makes a good interview.
The article starts with talking about the set up and suggests remembering the following things when creating a documentary with interviews:
1. Background
The article from New York Film Academy advises that the background of your interview needs to be not only aesthetically pleasing but also benefiting from natural lighting to ensure the exposure level is correct.
2.Multiple Cameras
It also discusses how useful it is to have multiple cameras rolling. As an additional camera can be used for a side point or to create close ups and cutaways. It also advises you should ensure that your subject is looking at you, to the side of the camera and not directly into the lens.
3.Ambient Noise Level
Noise level can be an issue in the edit, which is what the article advises if you do not check the noise levels before hand. It discusses the fact you should check the ambient noise levels of the room you are shooting in, to ensure that you do not get any additional sounds the camera may have picked up in the edit but you didn't.
4.Have time to build rapport
Research from the article shows that you should try and leave time before the interview to build rapport with your interviewee, to ensure that they're comfortable.
I have learnt from this part of the article how important it is to get the background of your interview right. As Helen had mentioned in our workshop, the background of the interview needs to be relevant to what you're shooting, otherwise it can distract the audience and take away from your documentary, which the article also backs up this theory and tip. I will put this research into use within my documentary by pre-planning the background and ensuring we are doing research on locations.
I want to make sure as well that even though we're unable to shoot in person, it will be great to record the laptop while we record the interviews through the laptop. Which I think George also mentioned doing within our group to get an additional angle. As research shows, having another camera gives you more options within the edit and allows you to have another perspective. I am going to speak with George and suggest now that we definitely film the side of the laptop while we film the interviews through the laptop as this will definitely give us more footage and choices.
I also think it was really important to learn about how ambient noise can be picked up with a camera but easily forgotten about, as this is something that could easily be forgotten and as the article says, can really impact the footage in editing which would be a real pain and could cause issues. It could mean that ambient noise could overtake one of the questions which means we could then not be able to use that questions. Which is something we have to ensure we don't do when filming, so that we have all the answers and lots of choice when editing to help carry on the narrative of our documentary. I will ensure that I remind the group to do a test when we film our interview on each of our laptop, it's also important we find a way of communicating in a professional manor to the interviewee that we need their end of the interview to be in a silent room. Otherwise, due to the fact we need to film through the laptop and not in person, we don't have control of the noise taking place on the interviewees end.
Building rapport was also very useful to learn and this is something I am going to make sure we leave time for, I want to ensure we get the best answers from our interviewees as this is going to make sure that we get the best footage and narrative for our documentary. As the research has shown me, this is a big factor, as if we have made the effort to build rapport and make the interviewee feel comfortable, we will get the best natural answers from them as they wont be nervous.
1.Avoid Yes/No questions
The article discusses that the questions you use are not closed questions that can easily be answered with a 'Yes' or 'No'.
2.Ask the subject to include the question in their answer
It suggests that you should ask the interviewee to use the question within their answer as it tells the story of your documentary without needing to hear the interviewer ask the questions.
3.Avoid interrupting
It also mentions within the article, it is important that you do not interrupt the interviewer or make any reaction noises to the answers they are giving.
4. Have an idea of the narrative
The article mentions that you should have an idea of the narrative you are trying to tell within your documentary, so you can ask follow up questions on the spot if you didn't get an answer you wished for or wanted to be elaborated. The article also advises that you should be able to use the questions to structure your documentary and have it move on to the next segment.
5.Never stop filming
The article also mentioned that you should never stop filming. This is something that Beth T has also mentioned within our lectures, that uncut footage can show raw and emotion, it also can be the best footage you get because the interviewee is more relaxed.
I want to ensure that when I write the interview questions as the research suggests, I make sure that the questions I am writing aren't easily answered with a Yes or a No otherwise this could leave us with short and uninteresting answers. I'm going to use openers like 'how do you feel', 'What was it like' etc. By using the research within my own documentary and ensuring I don't use questions that only have Yes or No answers. As a group, our documentary should have interesting and factual answers that continue to naturally tell our documentary narrative.
It was also really helpful to learn how by asking the interviewee to repeat the question in their answer, it allows up to easily edit the footage without needing to find a way to insert the question or hear the interviewers voice. We have discussed as a group that the format of the documentary will not include the interviewers or our voices. So I am going to ensure I use this within our documentary so that we do not include the voice, this also means the documentary will run smoothly because the interviewer will be including the questions in their answers for the viewers and audience to understand.
I want to make sure we record the whole of the Zoom call with the interviewer and to not just start recording when the interview starts, especially as that research shows that some of the best footage can be recorded when the interviewee is relaxed and naturally elaborating on discussion or speaking. We want our documentary to have a relatable feel and have a voice for young people and to also show a different perspective which is all within the BBC Three remit. I feel by following the research and ensuring we have time to build rapport with the interviewee and also by continually filming, we will get some raw footage and brilliant factual, hard hitting and interesting answers to our questions.
Creating the interview questions
To ensure we were working together as a team within our documentary group, we wanted to have an equal share into the interview questions we were going to ask our subjects. We are holding 3 sets of interviews, 1 with a Barber Shop owner I discussed above. He was effected by fake news because someone shared a message on social media advising a staff member had tested positive for Corona virus. The other segment of interviews is with members of the public, we have 6 members of the public we will be interviewing in relation to how fake news effects the masses. Our final interview is also with a Twitch streamer who puts out content for the public and is in the public eye.
To share the questions evenly, we did 5 questions each for the public and then I was also given 5 questions for the Barber interview by our director George.
I wanted to make sure I used all my research to ensure my questions were up to scratch, professional and there to get the best out of our interviews, to ensure we have factual and hard hitting opinions for our documentaries. I started by using the tip of 'knowing your narrative' which was a tip used within the article I researched from New York Film Academy. I focused on the fact we are wanting our story resolution to be about how Fake News and if it can be stopped or if it needs to be. By using this, it meant I could focus on writing questions that would give us informative answers about each of our interviewees.
Here were my questions for the Barber Interview:
-when did you first become aware that the post had been spread about your shop? -how did it feel knowing you lost business due to someone spreading false information? -how do you feel now, knowing how easy it was for someone to spread false information about your business? -When you opened the shop door, the following day to see no customers, how did this make you feel? -what would you like to say to the person who posted the false information about your barbers if they were watching now?
As Sydney was also doing a further 5 opening questions for the Barber, I wanted to focus on the importance of how the fake news had affected him and why. How it had not only affected his business but also how it caused loss of business. I ensured I used open questions which cannot be answered with an easy Yes or No which was suggested in the research i conducted. This means that we will get informative answers out of our interviews which will further our documentary.
And these were my 5 questions to put forward to our public members:
-explain the last time you believed something to be misinformation on social media and what was it? -How would you feel knowing, you had spread misinformation which has then affected someone else’s life by believing what you’ve shared online? -how do you know the difference between fake and real news? -Do you think about if a post it true or false before you share it? Or do you believe everything you read? Explain either answer. -Do you think social media platforms, do enough to ban fake news from social media? -how would you feel if I told you in 2016, 200 million posts were later deemed as fake news by Facebook?
I also used the research I had conducted previously in regards to statistics within the questions, this is so that we are able to remain factual and unbiased, it allows the interviewees to have their own opinion and judgement. Again, I wanted to make sure I didn't used closed questions and I followed the narrative of our documentary. It was important that when we came together to discuss our questions, we explained why we wanted to ask that question and why we felt it was relevant.
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SCRIPT RESEARCH
Before we started our script it was important that I understand why an AV script would be used for our documentary and not a regular script we have used and learnt about previously. I started research by looking at an article written by Pixel Valley Studio (PVS, 2017) in relation to formatting an AV script.
The article discussed that using an AV script for a documentary is a simple two column set up which clearly shows a client who may be commissioning your documentary both the visual and audio clearly included within your documentary.
The A standing for Audio and the V standing for Visual. The Audio aspect contains all audio such as music, narrative, voice-overs and anything that will be heard and the Video aspect shows anything that will be shown on the screen, such as Cut aways, Interviews and all visual shots and footage.
The article discusses that each shot within the visual column of the script, should be detailed clearly to anything that will be seen on screen. For example 'Bob is standing in front of his house, waving'. It clearly details the shot that will be seen on screen. The audio aspect showing what will be heard while this is showing visually on the screen. For example the narrative heard is 'This is Bob, Bob is a home sharing host'.
Frank Dellario the author of the article, advises that the script should convey the final product of your documentary and describe each shot you wish to make; however, if it a series of shots for the same sequence you can discuss the series of shots within one row.
Within the video within the article, Dellario also advises the AV script is like a shot list and regular script combined into one and should help determine the length of your project.
By conducting this research, it is clear to me that while doing the AV script with the rest of the group, it is important that we keep the information clear and precise. By setting up the two columns, we are able to clearly envision both the audio and visual aspects of our video. I will also be ensuring that we keep the details clear by describing each shot, cut away and interview footage because if this was to be shown to a client, which ours is BBC 3, this would need to be simple for them to follow and envision for themselves.
I also looked into another website that also discussed the set up of an AV script. It included further information on the topics that were discussed in the article above. For example, the research above advises that you need to keep the information precise and clear. Within this research I have found through Studio Binder (Studio Binder, 2020), it adds that by using abbreviations, this also can further your audio and visual columns being precise and clear because the client would then be aware of the type of audio it is. For example, within the audio column, the article advises you can use abbreviations such as:
MONTAGE - Collection of shots cut together from one to another.
VFX - Any visual effects seen.
V.O - Any narrative spoken over the video.
O.C/SYNC - Any audio to match the visual shown.
SFX - Any sound effect heard.
This was really useful as we want the script to be as clear and precise as possible. By using abbreviations within our AV script, it allows us to know exactly the type of audio or visual shown. For example, we will be using interviews throughout the documentary as well as narrative, by using the abbreviations of 'SYNC' and 'V.O' it allows you to see the difference between the recordings of the audio as soon as you look at the script.
We decided to do the script together on a video call, due to circumstances. Me and George managed the script and together worked out the scene and narrative order. I ensured I used the research I had conducted above, by setting the two columns clearly for both the audio and visual column. As I am the one doing the storyboard for our group, it meant by following that we were able to also do the script efficiently.
With mine and George's research we combined our information and used the abbreviations as recommended within my research to ensure the detailing is correct. We created each row, to each shot we plan on using. Here is a image of the script we conducted together.
Fig. 10 AV Script (2020)
I feel it was really useful to combine our research together as it allowed us to create the script and ensure that it was detailed. We combined the abbreviations and used mostly 'SYNC' as this describes the relationship between the audio and visual together. Due to the fact we will be conducting interviews which we be a high percentage of our video, the SYNC shows the audio will be from the visual, mostly interview answers with the footage from the video.
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Transcript
One of the last stages was completing the transcript which I completed for our Roger Smith interview, which needed to be done so that the editor Stan can easily have a way of seeing at which time code the interview answer he was looking for had been giving. Hopefully, it will be beneficial in the edit because it will create a smoother edit with less time restraint. With the transcripts Stan should be able to locate the answer he is wanting to use while following the script and transcript instead of searching through the footage for it.
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Fig. 11 Roger Smith - Transcript (2020)
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Changes 01/05/2020
Unfortunately, due to changes with our main Interviewee Cuneyt Kaya who has no longer responded to our messages, we are having to use narration and social media to now tell his story. As we had asked for permission previously to use everything on his social media, we still have his permission to be able to use his content although he is unable to do the interview. As DP, as I've mentioned above with providing the stock footage and footage I have filmed, it is important I now adapt to this situation and provide screen shots, screen recordings of his social media page so we can reference this as we narrate. Here are some of the screen shots I formed below, that have been put into our shared one drive to ensure that screenshots are there for us to be able to use within the edit for the Barbers segment.
List of Illustrations
Fig. 1 BBC 3 (2015) BBC 3 [logo] At: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-30894987 (Accessed 18/03/2020)
Fig. 2 ITV (2017) Tweet [Photo] At: https://twitter.com/AsaMcCoy/status/857654110480453632 (Accessed 19/03/2020)
Fig. 3 ITV (2017) Tweet [Photo] At: https://twitter.com/G4LHT/status/857651116464644097 (Accessed 19/03/2020)
Fig. 4 Word Document by George Larman (2020) [One Drive, Screenshot] At: https://ucreative-my.sharepoint.com/:w:/r/personal/1902791_students_ucreative_ac_uk/_layouts/15/Doc.aspx?sourcedoc=%7BD1F18655-A8EC-4DEA-89AB-B4AB4342547D%7D&file=Character%20profiles%20Fake%20news%20information.docx&action=default&mobileredirect=true (Accessed on 19/03/2020)
Fig. 5 Licensing Page by Pexels (2020) [Pexels Website, Screenshot] At: https://www.pexels.com/license/ (Accessed on 20/03/2020)
Fig. 6 Fake News Statistics by JournoLink (2019) [Journolink, Screenshot] At: https://journolink.com/blog/319-fake-news-statistics-2019-uk-worldwide-data (Accessed on 23/03/2020)
Fig. 7 Story Resolution by Katie Lovell (2020) [One Drive, Screenshot] At: https://ucreative-my.sharepoint.com/:p:/r/personal/1902791_students_ucreative_ac_uk/_layouts/15/Doc.aspx?sourcedoc=%7B727B72CE-4C72-4E3C-BEB7-3FF7CECAA869%7D&file=PITCH%20PRESENTATION.pptx&action=edit&mobileredirect=true (Accessed on 23/03/2020)
Fig. 8 Fashion Magazine (2017) Pinterest [Magazine Cover] At: https://www.pinterest.co.uk/pin/267190190374863377/ (Accessed on 24/03/2020)
Fig. 9 SWOT by Katie Lovell (2020) [One Drive, Screenshot] At: https://ucreative-my.sharepoint.com/:p:/r/personal/1902791_students_ucreative_ac_uk/_layouts/15/Doc.aspx?sourcedoc=%7B727B72CE-4C72-4E3C-BEB7-3FF7CECAA869%7D&file=PITCH%20PRESENTATION.pptx&action=edit&mobileredirect=true (Accessed on 23/03/2020)
Fig. 10 AV Script by Katie Lovell and George Larman (2020) [One Drive, Screenshot] At: https://ucreative-my.sharepoint.com/:w:/r/personal/1902791_students_ucreative_ac_uk/_layouts/15/Doc.aspx?sourcedoc=%7BD5E154C3-3587-4121-9E78-04103B224FFD%7D&file=AV%20SCRIPT%20DRAFT%201-%20INFLUENCED%20BY%20LIES.docx&action=default&mobileredirect=true (Accessed on 23/03/2020)
Fig. 11 Roger Smith Transcript by Katie Lovell (2020) [One Drive, Screenshot] At: https://ucreative-my.sharepoint.com/:w:/r/personal/1902791_students_ucreative_ac_uk/_layouts/15/Doc.aspx?sourcedoc=%7B64A06A7B-1B9A-45AF-8E4A-08D3CCED6A20%7D&file=Roger%20Smith%20Interview%20Transcript.docx&action=default&mobileredirect=true (Accessed on 24/03/2020)
Fig. 12 Facebook post by Kaya Barbers (2020) [Facebook, Screenshot] At: https://www.facebook.com/KayaBarbers1/ (Accessed on 23/03/2020)
Fig. 13 Facebook post by Kaya Barbers (2020) [Facebook, Screenshot] At: https://www.facebook.com/KayaBarbers1/ (Accessed on 23/03/2020)
Bibliography:
Alison. (2019) How to make a good Documentary Narration. At: https://www.accreditedlanguage.com/voiceovers/how-to-make-a-great-documentary-narration/ (Accessed 19/03/2020)
Agrawal, H. (2019) How to record outstanding videos using Iphone. At: https://www.shoutmeloud.com/iphone-camera-video-shooting-tips-techniques.html (Accessed 21/03/2020)
Bafta Guru. (2014) Documentary tips from Alex Gibney. At: http://guru.bafta.org/documentary-tips-from-alex-gibney (Accessed 20/03/2020)
Bafta Guru. (2012) Penny Woolcock: Risk and Range in Documentary.
At: http://guru.bafta.org/penny-woolcock-risk-and-range-in-documentary (Accessed 20/03/2020)
BBC (2013) BBC Three. At: http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/regulatory_framework/service_licences/tv/2013/bbc_three_sep13.pdf (Accessed 17/03/2020).
Carmona, C. (2017) Journal of Science an Technology of the arts. (2nd ed.) At: file:///C:/Users/97kat/Downloads/247-Article%20Text-1199-1-10-20170804.pdf (Accessed 15/03/2020)
Carr, M. (2020) 'Coronavirus: how bad infection goes viral' In: Kent Messenger online. At:
https://www.kentonline.co.uk/medway/news/barber-slams-hoax-facebook-page-223726/ (Accessed 15/03/2020)
Dawley, S. (2018) 10 Sites to get free stock videos for social media. At: https://blog.hootsuite.com/free-stock-videos-sites/ (Accessed 21/03/2020)
Delarrio, F. (2017) Formatting an AV Script - Pixel Valley Studio. At: https://pixelvalleystudio.com/pmf-articles//formatting-an-av-script (Accessed 04/04/2020)
How to shoot smooth CINEMATIC VIDEO on your Iphone! (2017) [Tutorial] At: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sj6uDhhWFmI (Accessed 20/03/2020)
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-6661261/ITV-News-Security-Editor-reveals-air-meltdown-sends-warning-diabetics.html (The Daily Mail, 2018)
The third link above shows a topic that was discussed in our group and bought to our attention by Sydney who told us about the situation with Rohit Kachroo who is an ITV News Reporter. In 2017 during a news report about the Whitehall terror attacks, Rohit reported the news however mumbled and stuttered throughout which caused members of social media to tweet about Rohit Kachroo being drunk while reporting. I have left some of the tweets below. This shows how misinformation could of stopped his career, especially as Rohit was not drunk but suffering from low blood sugar. Rohit is Diabetic.
Fig. 2 Public Tweet about Rohin Kachroo (2017)
Fig. 3 Public Tweet about Rohin Kachroo (2017)
How have we overcome the current situation?/Changes
Because of the current pandemic we are having to re-evaluate certain parts of our documentary. We had decided to have a segment of our documentary which included us approaching members of public in town and asking them their opinion on fake news as research I had conducted showed this was a brilliant way of researching and gaining a different perspective. Obviously, due to current circumstances and needing to stay in our own homes, we are unable to speak with members of the public, film interviews in public or see anyone from our group. This means we are also needing another way of shooting interviews.We decided as a group the best way to film the interviews with our contributors and public interviews is by using Zoom or Microsoft Teams. These are both online platforms you can use to have meetings online with people. It also means you can see the other person through a phone or computer webcam. This means although this is not what we thought would happen, we needed to use this to conduct and film our interviews. To ensure I am doing this to the best ability and learning the best ways in which we should conduct this. I did some research on webcam interviews and a test shoot, you can find on the 'Test Shoot' blog post.
Due to current circumstances and the situation we are in, as I've mentioned above we are needing to change and adapt to the current circumstances. As a group we decided that using a narrator would help us progress the story, due to the limited shots we're going to be able to gather due to being stuck at home. We are also planning on using a narrator because we want to be clear and precise, I suggested using a narrator as it allowed us to ensure that statistics are clear and being delivered in a personable manor. I want the narrator to speak directly to the audience and engage with them by building rapport. I wanted to ensure I knew the use of a narrator and how narration can move forward our documentary so I conducted some research below.
NARRATION RESEARCH
To ensure that I understand why narration is used, I critically analysed a text that had been written by Carlos Carmona who discusses the role and purpose of film narration and narrative. He discusses how using narrative can forward your story and engage with the audience.
He also discusses that the 'principal role of narration is to cue the audience's story-line comprehension'. (Carmona, 2017). How narrative is used to help the audience understand the topic or story-line of your documentary.
The text advises that narrative can be used with cues, segments and gaps to introduce what the audience will be learning about or visualising next. He says that 'Narration can be understood as a means for the transmission and processing of information'. By using narrative it allows the audience to clearly process the information you are providing.
Within documentaries he explains that narrative can be beneficial, as it can also be used to help the audience question their own opinions surrounding the topic you are giving them information around. It allows the audience to make up their own mind without the narrative being biased or influencing their opinion.
By reading the text it allowed me to understand why using a narrator can be beneficial towards your documentary and by using an unbiased and un-passive tone, it allows the audience to become engaged and voice their own opinion in relation to your subject. I feel this is really beneficial for our documentary, as we are doing our documentary on 'Fake News' which is a broad topic, we want our viewers to be able to have their own opinion with the information and statistics we give them.
As we are also using members of the public to discuss their opinions on fake news and how they may have experienced misinformation within social media, it's really important I learn from this research and ensure we take an unbiased approach to our narrative with clear and factual statistics.I will do this by ensuring we are using factual statistics that I have thoroughly researched so there is no chance of misinformation as this would be really misleading otherwise.
I also want to ensure we are using clear narrative, as the research shows, it is important that you are not using passive dialogue and that using narrative to segment into each part of the documentary and our interviews is a good way of forwarding the documentary and story. I will ensure I do this when discussing the narrative within the group because it allows our audience to be engaged within our documentary because we're forwarding the story with narrative and also it allows are audience to understand their own ideas and opinions. I feel this is something we really need to get right within our documentary, especially as the documentary is on 'Fake News' it is important as a group we don't share anything non factual.
How to make a good documentary narration. - (Alison, 2019)
I also wanted to do research on more specific tips related to documentaries. I came across a website that gave three specific tips about documentary narrative which I thought were really useful in relation to the documentary I am filming. They gave the following tips:
1. Attract the audience with a great voice.
The article discusses that the voice over used, should be clear and precise, should be an engaging voice and captivating. The voice should also be able to emphasize on specific parts of the correct narrative and build rapport with the audience.
2.Narrate to match the documentaries tone.
They advised that it is important that the voice over you use is engaging, as narration is a way to create rapport and build engagement with your audience. By using a voice that is someone of the target audience of your documentary, it should engage with the audience. It gives the example of a teenager wouldn't fit the audience of a Nature Documentary normally narrated by David Attenborough because it doesn't fit the target audience of the documentary.
3. Enhance your documentary appeal with localisation.
It discusses how using different voice over's with different languages, can appeal to more multi-lingual audiences and to a wider variety of countries.
I felt this was really helpful research and has helped me understand the benefits clearly on why using narration and voice-over within your documentary can build rapport with the audience. Also, on how using clear tones and emphasising on specific parts of the narrative, the information in which you want the audience to engage with can also add affect and engagement with the audience. I'm going to ensure within my documentary we are using a voice over presenter who focuses on using a clear tone, it also is important as research shows, that the voice over presenter we chose is within our target audience of the BBC Three remit of 16-34 year olds as this is proven to be more engaging and interesting for our target audience.
Due to current circumstances, we are unable to audition voice over presenters and have needed to use our own group members to be able to use narration within our documentary. As a group we decided that Sydney would be the narrator of our documentary. To ensure that we are still following the research above and using the tips to ensure that our narration is unbiased, precise, factual and engaging, I have recommended to Sydney that she uses videos online to be able to practice how to get the best narrative voice. As the research shows that the voiceover should be representative of our BBC Three target audience, Sydney also works perfectly because she fits within this remit and will engage with our target market more.
Building our documentary. (Job Role)
We started of by in our groups looking at 'what bothered or impacted us', as we are the target audience it was important the idea was something that we would like and something that interests us. As I mentioned in the ideas above, we first had a few initial ideas individually in which we then built as a team into full ideas we could use for our documentary. I enjoyed this part of the process as it meant we came together as a group and all had an input.George also put together character profiles for who was going to be in our documentary. As we had all noted down the ideas and we had decided on Fake News, we ran through what would be included within our documentary. It was my idea to involve the public and show how big of a subject Fake News is and how nearly everyone is affected. I have inserted the document showing the character profiles below. I feel this was a really good thing for us to have done as it gave us a brilliant understanding of the people we would need to contact to interview. This also was the part of the process we decided our job roles and contacted the people we hoped to get interviews from.
My job role decided was that I was going to be DOP and researcher as I had been the one to research news articles and our interviewers while we were all thinking of ideas. I feel my job role is really important as camera movement and how I film shots will determine how professional our documentary looks and how different angles, shots and movement create the feel and tone for our documentary. As we have decided we want this to feel like an investigation into how Fake News and misinformation can affect people through social media, we want it to have a dark edge. To ensure that I get these roles right and ensure our documentary is to a professional standard. I have researched both roles within documentary below, so I can ensure I learn and adapt to documentary making.
My Vision as DOP as mentioned above is to ensure I show the tone and feel of the video, while also ensuring all footage, cutaways and interviews are professionally shot and to a high standard. I will do this by using the research below and also the workshops we have done with both Helen, Ferg and Beth. We recently did a workshop on interviews techniques and lighting which was really helpful and taught me alot. Even from ensuring the background and set up to the interview is relevant, this is something I have learnt and will ensure I follow through, as if the background is messy and basic or irrelevant, it is really distracting for the audience which is not what I want as DOP.
Iphone Research
As the DP for our documentary, I felt it was really important to adapt to current circumstances by researching how to get the best image through an Iphone. As I'm not lucky enough to have a DSLR, I wanted to ensure I was still trying to capture footage that looks professional.
After watching some videos that had been filmed with just an Iphone, like the video below that are shot beautifully with an Iphone (which you would of never guessed). I did some research to learn for myself how to create the best footage through an Iphone so I can do my best under circumstances, to provide footage for our documentary.
Within the Bio of the video, the creator advised the video was shot in 4k, 24p, 48p and 60p. The creator also mentioned using 'Filmic Pro' for each shot, which I'm not aware of so will also be researching around this app. The content looks truly brilliant and as if it was shot with a DSLR or other type of camera, definitely not an Iphone.
Within an article on shoutmeloud.com, it discussed and gave tips on the best way to use an Iphone to ensure quality footage is still being shot without a DSLR or expensive camera. The article gave tips and suggestions to ensure:
1. You remember to clean your lens.
As it's easy to forget due to the fact you're not using a camera, it is important to remember to treat it like one. It's important to clean the lens to ensure that the footage is clear and does not have any unwanted speckles on the footage.
2. Use the AE/AF lock.
AE and AF which stands for the Auto Exposure and Auto Focus means Iphones automatically focus and set the exposure levels while you're filming. Within the article they advise to always set the lock on the main focus within your shot. Once you have clicked on this, it will then lock in the focus and exposure.
3. Front and Back camera.
The article discussed the fact that the front camera is actually only 720p in which the back camera is 1080p with higher resolution.
4. Remain editing on your computer.
The article also mentions to remember to continue editing on your computer and recommends you don't use any editing tools on your iphone as you can't get the same impact. Also recommends using colour grading as you would normally, to get the best look from your footage if needed.
I've learnt from this article the importance of ensuring you continue to keep up filming standards. As even though I will be filming with an Iphone, it's still important that I remember to clean the lens because it would cause speckles if filming which could result in my shot being ruined by potential dirt or dust on the camera. I also wasn't aware of the frame rates for each side of my Iphone. I didn't know that the Back camera was better quality and more high definition. This was important for me to learn so that I ensure when I am filming for my documentary, I am filming with the same camera and always using the back camera to ensure better quality. I also want to make sure with each shot I am following the tip by using the AE and AF lock otherwise I could be filming and the shot could be ruined by the Iphone automatically focusing on something else, or changing exposure due to me moving the camera. This means it could take longer for me to get a shot because it continues to change focus points. So it's important I remember to use that. Overall, I found this article really handy and it has taught me a few main things to look out for before filming and during.
Research through Youtube.
I then wanted to look at research that was specific to my Iphone. My Iphone is an 8+, so it was important that I looked at research that was specific to my Iphone due to the fact they evolve with time and have more features on the newer Iphone. I looked into this video by a creator on youtube who gives tips on his Iphone which was a 7+. I found this video particularly useful as he also explained what 'Filmic Pro' the app I mentioned earlier was. Within the video he mentioned the following things:
1. Use a manual camera app.
Within the video the creator discusses using the Filmic Pro app which is a manual camera app, as the Iphone does not have features a normal DSLR or camera would have, by downloading the app on your phone, it allows you to manage the shutter speed, frame rate, focus etc.
2.Find lighting that helps separate your subjects
Sheldon also advises that due to using your Iphone, it is harder to gain a depth of field, he advises by using natural lighting, you're able to create a depth of field and separate the background from the foreground with focus.
3.Under expose to gain dynamic range
Within the video, he also mentions that by under exposing you can create a dynamic range which means that details is seen in your shot a lot more and is prominent. It helps with the contrast of shadows and highlights which creates a more cinematic tone.
4.Shoot in 4k
Another tip is to always shoot in 4k, to give the best quality of video. I have checked the attributes of my Iphone which does shoot in 4k.
5.Keep the framing in mind and crop in post production.
Sheldon also advises that the frame rate of 2:35:1 creates cinematic footage and helps you set the tone. You can do this by shooting wider and then cropping it to ratio in post.
6. Colour Correction
Always remember to colour correct your footage within post production to focus on the lighting, highlights and shadows you have already created.
I really enjoyed learning about shooting on my Iphone with the video above, I feel Sheldon gave really good tips on how to practically use your Iphone to create footage that is cinematic with a professional look which I didn't think was possible before. It's really important that I now take what I've learnt and put it into practice by looking into getting a manual camera app I can use. This is so I can control aspects of my footage like you would on a camera to ensure that I am filming the best quality I can. It was also really exciting to learn about how you can use natural light to create depth of field. By using light you can separate the background from the foreground and create separate focus, which is something I want to make sure I'm trying when filming. As this will allow me to take the footage to a professional level. I am also going to conduct a test shoot to ensure that I am putting the factors above into practice. Especially because I haven't used the app before, it's important I'm practicing shooting and also cropping the frame rate as I feel by me doing this and putting into practice what I've learnt about Iphones, I will be able to create cinematic footage and cutaways for the documentary, in which will then have the cinematic, dark feel we are going for.
Stock Footage Research
As I have mentioned above, I am unable to be a regular DP and shoot what we have planned. As we unfortunately cannot film what we have planned, I wanted to ensure I was still providing sufficient footage as DP for the Editor Stanley Graham.
To ensure that I was using licensed footage that was legal and free for us to use, I researched the best websites. An article on blog.hootsuite.com allowed me to take a look at the benefits of all different sites that provided free stock footage.
After looking at a few of the sites, the article recommended the website 'Pexels' because 'Their collection is also under the CC0 license, so you can edit and use the videos for personal or commercial purposes without asking for permission or linking back to the original source.' (Pexels, 2020) This made me want to investigate the website, as it meant I was able to provide the footage to Stanley, meaning he was able to then edit the footage and we could use it without needing to thank or credit the original film maker.
Fig. 5 Screenshot of Pexels website (2020)
As I now knew I could use this footage as it was licensed and available, I continued to use the script we had created together, to get any cutaways we were wishing to use. I have put a few examples of what I had found below. I had downloaded all the 32 cutaway videos and then put them within a one drive folder so our editor Stanley, could easily access the videos and was ready to edit when the rest of our documentary and our interview had been completed.
It was really interesting to learn about stock footage and it was useful to read the article on different stock footage websites and which ones are better. This means I now have this research throughout future projects I do too, meaning that I can use footage if needed. It was also useful to learn how different licenses mean different things and that using Pexels allows us to use the footage, credit free and we are entitled to edit the clip which is perfect for this project and our documentary. Although, I would prefer to be shooting the footage myself and due to circumstances not being able too. I hope this helps my group by me providing footage still as DP for them to use, especially within the edit.
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PITCH AND FEEDBACK - Monday 30th March
As part of our project we needed to pitch our idea as a group. It was important we covered all aspects of our documentary and clearly put across our idea and our target audience. After all, researching BBC 3 has taught me how important target audience and different perspective is, they pride themselves on letting young voices be heard and for different perspectives to be shown. I wanted to make sure we got this through within the presentation so I made sure to remind the group of our target audience. We decided on which slides we were going to do, I wanted to write about our SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threat) and I also did the Story Resolution.
To ensure that my slides specifically were up to scratch and professional, I conducted research through the materials we had been given in regards to conducting a pitch. It taught me that when conducting a pitch you need to ensure that you are keeping the information relevant. It's important that the target audience are at the forefront of your idea and we are making our ideas clear. I wanted to do this by putting in statistics into my slides, It was important for me to pitch the idea by showing how important Fake News is and how impact it is to everyday life.
By conducting research, I found a survey and statistics that had been carried out by JournoLink in which they found out that there had been over 200 millions engagements in 2016 in which Facebook later deemed Fake News. I felt this was a statistic which could have a massive impact. It shows the audience we are pitching too exactly how relevant and current our idea it. Which I have learnt that the idea being current is a massive part of how BBC 3 chose what to commission. So this was also another reason it was very important for me to put in statistics within my slide. I have inserted the link below.
Fig. 6 Screenshot of JournoLink statistics (2019)
Fig 7. Story Resolution pitch slide (2020)
I used a news paper with 'Fake News' written over it as I mentioned above, I learnt from the research I conducted on pitches that the slides had to be eye catching and designed to represent the tone and feel of our documentary.
I also liked the way you couldn't see the whole word 'Fake News' and the 'S' was cut off. I used this image because popular magazines that are well known normally have the front cover image covered up by some of the letters, this is because the magazine is so popular, you are aware of the name of the magazine without needing to see the whole title. (As shown below). I used this image as I feel it subliminally showed how the title not showing the full 'Fake News', just like magazines, shows how Fake News is such a big issue and that you know what it says without needing the full title.
Fig 8. Fashion Magazine Cover (2017)
As I mentioned above I also wanted to make sure I included statistics to prove how relevant and current out idea is. As one of my job roles is being the researcher, I felt it was important to back our documentary with research I had conducted to show the relevancy and severity of Fake News.
Within story resolution it was also important I told the audience what we wanted to get from our documentary, what we wanted the ending and lasting message to be. As you can see within the powerpoint I ensured I spoke about how we wish to create an investigation into how Fake News affects the public and if it's something they feel needs to be resolved.
I also saw from the pitch advice that was given to us, it showed how important it is to address any issues you may face and give reasoning as to why and how we would overcome this. I wanted to address why our documentary 'has legs', why it is important, relevant and the strengths we can work to, to ensure this documentary fits our target audience and is ready to be commissioned on BBC 3.
As Social media is the sole part of our documentary, showing how Fake News affects people through social media massively plays to our target audience of 16-34 as this is the age for prime social media users. Our documentary also gives us a chance to give the public the opportunity to speak about issues relating to Fake News and their opinions, I feel this needed to be put into my slide because this also shows how we want young voices to be heard, which is also in the BBC 3 remit.
Once we had done our presentation we were given feedback as a group, I was really happy with the feedback as my slides were given good feedback, with the story resolution and the statistics showing the relevancy and our aim for the documentary. We were also given feedback of being careful in regards to newspaper clippings etc and ensuring that if we are focusing on social media and also online news that we aren't including footage or shots that introduces the idea of print media, as we are not discussing this. This has taught me that I need to ensure that as DOP, I'm monitoring any stock footage we use, or any shots I plan on shooting to ensure it is relevant to our content and although fake news is also within print media, this is not what we are focusing on, so I don't want to as DOP include any footage that may confuse the audience.
We were also given feedback on the contributors and that through the slides it may not have been obvious why we were using those specific interviewees. I feel this was important for us to hear as a group as it has made us re-evaluate the reason for why we have chosen each person and that they are in a documentary for a reason and not just because they are accessible.
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What makes a documentary?
To ensure I have the right understanding of what makes a good documentary and what format documentaries follow I have researched the formats, content and makings of a good documentary. I want to ensure that along with the lessons we are learning from everyday lectures, I am ensuring I am researching into documentaries also.
Types of Documentaries - (sociologygroup - 2018)
Poetic Documentaries
Poetic documentaries focus on the images and stories that show you a different viewpoint. They are individual and in an experimental form.
Expository Documentary
Normally there to pursued or inform the audience.
Observational Documentary
Focuses on the world and its surroundings. Can be intimate and personable.
Participatory Documentary
Participatory features the film maker and their narrative. They are featured within the documentary and impact the story with their voice.
Reflexive Documentary
Also features the film maker however the focus is mainly on them and not outside of the subject.
Performative Documentary
A documentary shown through truth and personal stories.
I needed to research the different types and styles of documentary to allow me to focus on our own documentary of Fake News. It was really beneficial to see the types of documentaries and analyse in which category ours falls under. Due to current circumstances, I feel it is important we are focusing on producing a poetic documentary, as we are going to have a limited chance of filming cutaways, etc. We need to make sure every shot is relevant and has a perspective we can show from a different point of view. We want to allow our viewers to understand Fake News yet have their own opinions on how they feel about it.
What makes a good Documentary?
BAFTA GURU RESEARCH.
In a lecture we have had with Beth, she introduced us to the BAFTA GURU website, which I found really useful in learning about documentary.
I started of by watching the video which included Penny Woolcock who is a Writer and Director.
The Risk and Range of in Documentary
Within the video Woolcock explains how making a documentary can be challenging, how you are taking peoples lives into our own hands by representing them and sharing their stories. Woolcock also discusses how important it is that she is invested in the peoples lives and that she is shooting with passion. She also wants to ensure she can fall in love with the journey you and both the people participating in your video are taking.
Woolcock also discusses how documentary is about making the 'unfamiliar, familiar' (Woolcock, 2012). How people who may not come from the same class or background, may not understand why a person has a story to tell. For example, crime and prison documentaries. They at some point explain the background of the person which helps people understand why what may of happened, happened.
It was really interesting to hear her point of view about documentaries and about how it is so important to be invested into your idea. Also invested in the people you are shooting, you need to do their stories justice with care and consideration, so you need to be shooting people you like and are engaged with their story. This was really insightful, as we are doing 'Fake News' we are speaking with members of the public who may have been affected with misinformation through social media. We are also speaking to a man who lost business due to a false Facebook status being shared about his business, which caused him to lose customers. Due to it being sensitive for the Barber Shop owner I am referring to, it is important that as Woolcock has advised, we are sensitive to the situation and represent him appropriately and while sharing his story factually.
It was also really useful to hear how you should be passionate about our idea. As our target audience for BBC Three is 16-34 year olds in which we all fit within this bracket, we made sure we brainstormed ideas we were passionate learning about and used the motto of 'what's bothering us'. So this is really helpful to know we have followed the advice of an established documentary film maker and writer.
I then watched a video that featured documentary film maker Alex Gibney who within the video gave tips on documentary making.
Within the video he spoke about how when choosing a topic of documentary it's important to focus on the human story and not the issue. He advised people don't engage with issues happening but they engage with how the issue is affecting the human story which is portrayed and shown through people telling real and truthful stories.
Gibney also discusses how he creates documentaries to provoke peoples opinions and feelings. He doesn't like to attempt to make a political stand point but to allow the viewers to create their own opinion with the information you are providing, I feel in this part of the video he is trying to say that he wants to provoke the audience to feel something and not tell them how they should be feeling about the subject.
He also goes on to discuss that you should visualise the style of documentary you want to film to suit your documentary topic and not the regular shooting style you may have as a director. Gibney advises that different directors have styles they attempt to mimic, however he likes to direct the documentary to the topic style.
I feel similar to Woolcock, Gibney advises that the documentary should be about provoking feeling and telling the human story and not the issue. They both advice that you need to be able to share someones story to be able to engage with the audience and help them understand why this may of happened in this person's life. Gibney also discusses how you should be visualising the style of your documentary on your topic and not just what looks good. I feel this was really helpful, I want to ensure that we are creating the right style for our 'Fake News' documentary. As we know that fake news and social media can be a dark place, full of misinformation. I have learnt from Gibney from the video above that it is important that we use the 'dark' investigation style I have been discussing throughout, to provoke emotion, which is really useful to have learnt. Especially, because this research backs up our theory of wanting to stylelise it in that way, of an investigative feel.
In a lecture we have had with Beth, she introduced us to the BAFTA GURU website, which I found really useful in learning about documentary.
I started of by watching the video which included Penny Woolcock who is a Writer and Director.
The Risk and Range of in Documentary
Within the video Woolcock explains how making a documentary can be challenging, how you are taking peoples lives into our own hands by representing them and sharing their stories. Woolcock also discusses how important it is that she is invested in the peoples lives and that she is shooting with passion. She also wants to ensure she can fall in love with the journey you and both the people participating in your video are taking.
Woolcock also discusses how documentary is about making the 'unfamiliar, familiar' (Woolcock, 2012). How people who may not come from the same class or background, may not understand why a person has a story to tell. For example, crime and prison documentaries. They at some point explain the background of the person which helps people understand why what may of happened, happened.
It was really interesting to hear her point of view about documentaries and about how it is so important to be invested into your idea. Also invested in the people you are shooting, you need to do their stories justice with care and consideration, so you need to be shooting people you like and are engaged with their story. This was really insightful, as we are doing 'Fake News' we are speaking with members of the public who may have been affected with misinformation through social media. We are also speaking to a man who lost business due to a false Facebook status being shared about his business, which caused him to lose customers. Due to it being sensitive for the Barber Shop owner I am referring to, it is important that as Woolcock has advised, we are sensitive to the situation and represent him appropriately and while sharing his story factually.
It was also really useful to hear how you should be passionate about our idea. As our target audience for BBC Three is 16-34 year olds in which we all fit within this bracket, we made sure we brainstormed ideas we were passionate learning about and used the motto of 'what's bothering us'. So this is really helpful to know we have followed the advice of an established documentary film maker and writer.
I then watched a video that featured documentary film maker Alex Gibney who within the video gave tips on documentary making.
Within the video he spoke about how when choosing a topic of documentary it's important to focus on the human story and not the issue. He advised people don't engage with issues happening but they engage with how the issue is affecting the human story which is portrayed and shown through people telling real and truthful stories.
Gibney also discusses how he creates documentaries to provoke peoples opinions and feelings. He doesn't like to attempt to make a political stand point but to allow the viewers to create their own opinion with the information you are providing, I feel in this part of the video he is trying to say that he wants to provoke the audience to feel something and not tell them how they should be feeling about the subject.
He also goes on to discuss that you should visualise the style of documentary you want to film to suit your documentary topic and not the regular shooting style you may have as a director. Gibney advises that different directors have styles they attempt to mimic, however he likes to direct the documentary to the topic style.
I feel similar to Woolcock, Gibney advises that the documentary should be about provoking feeling and telling the human story and not the issue. They both advice that you need to be able to share someones story to be able to engage with the audience and help them understand why this may of happened in this person's life. Gibney also discusses how you should be visualising the style of your documentary on your topic and not just what looks good. I feel this was really helpful, I want to ensure that we are creating the right style for our 'Fake News' documentary. As we know that fake news and social media can be a dark place, full of misinformation. I have learnt from Gibney from the video above that it is important that we use the 'dark' investigation style I have been discussing throughout, to provoke emotion, which is really useful to have learnt. Especially, because this research backs up our theory of wanting to stylelise it in that way, of an investigative feel.
How to provide information?
I wanted to also explore ways in which a documentary can be formatted to impact the audience, by looking through and researching with the book 'Directing the Documentary'. It was really useful to read how a documentary could in fact influence and impact the viewers opinion or assumption around your documentary.
'Whether an audience goes on watching your film depends on how you set up dramatic purview.' (Rabiger, 2014)
Within the book, author Rabiger, speaks about how different types of documentary can intentionally dramatise your documentary and leave the audience thinking. He speaks about how he feels their are three types of documentary.
1) Propaganda - Within the text he advises propaganda is used to only provide evidence within your documentary to push the audience into supporting a theory or narrative you have already chosen.
2) Binary - Rabiger also states, Binary is used to give the the audience 'Equal coverage to both sides'. In which you remain neutral for the audience to decide their own opinion with the fair information you have provided.
3) Dialogical - Allows the viewer to sought through the information provided even though the outcome to the documentary is still unknown, allowing the audience to speculate.
I found this really interesting while researching around how to make a good documentary, especially because as research shows it's really important to sit back and view how the audience may take on board your information. As you can see above, Rabiger discusses three different ways in which documentaries can influence the way the viewers digest the information you provide within your documentary. As we are doing a documentary on fake news, it has outlined to me how important it is that we don't take on the 'propaganda' approach. As Fake News is based around misinformation shared, it would be completely unfair for us to divulge any misinformation or biased opinions to influence the audience. We need to remain completely unbiased and factual relating to the information we provide otherwise we could be adding to spreading fake news and misinformation.
It's definitely important for us as a group to take a 'Binary' approach, we want to give the viewers a chance to see both sides to the story of fake news, any pro's and con's for the whole situation. I also think this fits in brilliantly with our target audience of 16-34 year old and also within our remit for BBC Three. BBC Three pride themselves on showing different perspectives and sharing stories from real people who may not have had a chance to share their voice or opinion before. By taking a Binary approach, I feel this is the perfect way to allow the audience to have their own perspective.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Creating the Interview Questions
Interview Research
As we had our interview workshop with Helen and Ferg which was mainly about lighting, I thought it was important that I researched around interview questions so I can ensure my questions are relevant, professional and get the best out of our interviewees. As DP also, I feel it is important for me to learn about the set up of an interview and what factors go into setting up your interview. Although, we will be filming the interviews through Zoom which is a platform used to connect with people through video on a laptop due to current circumstances. I felt it was important for me to learn around interviews.
I started of by looking at an article that was published by the New York Film Academy which provided tips on how to get the best for your documentary. It also went over some of the things Helen and Ferg has also mentioned previously into what makes a good interview.
The article starts with talking about the set up and suggests remembering the following things when creating a documentary with interviews:
1. Background
The article from New York Film Academy advises that the background of your interview needs to be not only aesthetically pleasing but also benefiting from natural lighting to ensure the exposure level is correct.
2.Multiple Cameras
It also discusses how useful it is to have multiple cameras rolling. As an additional camera can be used for a side point or to create close ups and cutaways. It also advises you should ensure that your subject is looking at you, to the side of the camera and not directly into the lens.
3.Ambient Noise Level
Noise level can be an issue in the edit, which is what the article advises if you do not check the noise levels before hand. It discusses the fact you should check the ambient noise levels of the room you are shooting in, to ensure that you do not get any additional sounds the camera may have picked up in the edit but you didn't.
4.Have time to build rapport
Research from the article shows that you should try and leave time before the interview to build rapport with your interviewee, to ensure that they're comfortable.
I have learnt from this part of the article how important it is to get the background of your interview right. As Helen had mentioned in our workshop, the background of the interview needs to be relevant to what you're shooting, otherwise it can distract the audience and take away from your documentary, which the article also backs up this theory and tip. I will put this research into use within my documentary by pre-planning the background and ensuring we are doing research on locations.
I want to make sure as well that even though we're unable to shoot in person, it will be great to record the laptop while we record the interviews through the laptop. Which I think George also mentioned doing within our group to get an additional angle. As research shows, having another camera gives you more options within the edit and allows you to have another perspective. I am going to speak with George and suggest now that we definitely film the side of the laptop while we film the interviews through the laptop as this will definitely give us more footage and choices.
I also think it was really important to learn about how ambient noise can be picked up with a camera but easily forgotten about, as this is something that could easily be forgotten and as the article says, can really impact the footage in editing which would be a real pain and could cause issues. It could mean that ambient noise could overtake one of the questions which means we could then not be able to use that questions. Which is something we have to ensure we don't do when filming, so that we have all the answers and lots of choice when editing to help carry on the narrative of our documentary. I will ensure that I remind the group to do a test when we film our interview on each of our laptop, it's also important we find a way of communicating in a professional manor to the interviewee that we need their end of the interview to be in a silent room. Otherwise, due to the fact we need to film through the laptop and not in person, we don't have control of the noise taking place on the interviewees end.
Building rapport was also very useful to learn and this is something I am going to make sure we leave time for, I want to ensure we get the best answers from our interviewees as this is going to make sure that we get the best footage and narrative for our documentary. As the research has shown me, this is a big factor, as if we have made the effort to build rapport and make the interviewee feel comfortable, we will get the best natural answers from them as they wont be nervous.
Conducting your Interview
The second part of the article shows how to conduct your interview to get the best out of your interviewee and ensure you're set up and documentary is professional. Their tips are as follows:1.Avoid Yes/No questions
The article discusses that the questions you use are not closed questions that can easily be answered with a 'Yes' or 'No'.
2.Ask the subject to include the question in their answer
It suggests that you should ask the interviewee to use the question within their answer as it tells the story of your documentary without needing to hear the interviewer ask the questions.
3.Avoid interrupting
It also mentions within the article, it is important that you do not interrupt the interviewer or make any reaction noises to the answers they are giving.
4. Have an idea of the narrative
The article mentions that you should have an idea of the narrative you are trying to tell within your documentary, so you can ask follow up questions on the spot if you didn't get an answer you wished for or wanted to be elaborated. The article also advises that you should be able to use the questions to structure your documentary and have it move on to the next segment.
5.Never stop filming
The article also mentioned that you should never stop filming. This is something that Beth T has also mentioned within our lectures, that uncut footage can show raw and emotion, it also can be the best footage you get because the interviewee is more relaxed.
I want to ensure that when I write the interview questions as the research suggests, I make sure that the questions I am writing aren't easily answered with a Yes or a No otherwise this could leave us with short and uninteresting answers. I'm going to use openers like 'how do you feel', 'What was it like' etc. By using the research within my own documentary and ensuring I don't use questions that only have Yes or No answers. As a group, our documentary should have interesting and factual answers that continue to naturally tell our documentary narrative.
It was also really helpful to learn how by asking the interviewee to repeat the question in their answer, it allows up to easily edit the footage without needing to find a way to insert the question or hear the interviewers voice. We have discussed as a group that the format of the documentary will not include the interviewers or our voices. So I am going to ensure I use this within our documentary so that we do not include the voice, this also means the documentary will run smoothly because the interviewer will be including the questions in their answers for the viewers and audience to understand.
I want to make sure we record the whole of the Zoom call with the interviewer and to not just start recording when the interview starts, especially as that research shows that some of the best footage can be recorded when the interviewee is relaxed and naturally elaborating on discussion or speaking. We want our documentary to have a relatable feel and have a voice for young people and to also show a different perspective which is all within the BBC Three remit. I feel by following the research and ensuring we have time to build rapport with the interviewee and also by continually filming, we will get some raw footage and brilliant factual, hard hitting and interesting answers to our questions.
Creating the interview questions
To ensure we were working together as a team within our documentary group, we wanted to have an equal share into the interview questions we were going to ask our subjects. We are holding 3 sets of interviews, 1 with a Barber Shop owner I discussed above. He was effected by fake news because someone shared a message on social media advising a staff member had tested positive for Corona virus. The other segment of interviews is with members of the public, we have 6 members of the public we will be interviewing in relation to how fake news effects the masses. Our final interview is also with a Twitch streamer who puts out content for the public and is in the public eye.
To share the questions evenly, we did 5 questions each for the public and then I was also given 5 questions for the Barber interview by our director George.
I wanted to make sure I used all my research to ensure my questions were up to scratch, professional and there to get the best out of our interviews, to ensure we have factual and hard hitting opinions for our documentaries. I started by using the tip of 'knowing your narrative' which was a tip used within the article I researched from New York Film Academy. I focused on the fact we are wanting our story resolution to be about how Fake News and if it can be stopped or if it needs to be. By using this, it meant I could focus on writing questions that would give us informative answers about each of our interviewees.
Here were my questions for the Barber Interview:
-when did you first become aware that the post had been spread about your shop? -how did it feel knowing you lost business due to someone spreading false information? -how do you feel now, knowing how easy it was for someone to spread false information about your business? -When you opened the shop door, the following day to see no customers, how did this make you feel? -what would you like to say to the person who posted the false information about your barbers if they were watching now?
As Sydney was also doing a further 5 opening questions for the Barber, I wanted to focus on the importance of how the fake news had affected him and why. How it had not only affected his business but also how it caused loss of business. I ensured I used open questions which cannot be answered with an easy Yes or No which was suggested in the research i conducted. This means that we will get informative answers out of our interviews which will further our documentary.
And these were my 5 questions to put forward to our public members:
-explain the last time you believed something to be misinformation on social media and what was it? -How would you feel knowing, you had spread misinformation which has then affected someone else’s life by believing what you’ve shared online? -how do you know the difference between fake and real news? -Do you think about if a post it true or false before you share it? Or do you believe everything you read? Explain either answer. -Do you think social media platforms, do enough to ban fake news from social media? -how would you feel if I told you in 2016, 200 million posts were later deemed as fake news by Facebook?
I also used the research I had conducted previously in regards to statistics within the questions, this is so that we are able to remain factual and unbiased, it allows the interviewees to have their own opinion and judgement. Again, I wanted to make sure I didn't used closed questions and I followed the narrative of our documentary. It was important that when we came together to discuss our questions, we explained why we wanted to ask that question and why we felt it was relevant.
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SCRIPT RESEARCH
Before we started our script it was important that I understand why an AV script would be used for our documentary and not a regular script we have used and learnt about previously. I started research by looking at an article written by Pixel Valley Studio (PVS, 2017) in relation to formatting an AV script.
The article discussed that using an AV script for a documentary is a simple two column set up which clearly shows a client who may be commissioning your documentary both the visual and audio clearly included within your documentary.
The A standing for Audio and the V standing for Visual. The Audio aspect contains all audio such as music, narrative, voice-overs and anything that will be heard and the Video aspect shows anything that will be shown on the screen, such as Cut aways, Interviews and all visual shots and footage.
The article discusses that each shot within the visual column of the script, should be detailed clearly to anything that will be seen on screen. For example 'Bob is standing in front of his house, waving'. It clearly details the shot that will be seen on screen. The audio aspect showing what will be heard while this is showing visually on the screen. For example the narrative heard is 'This is Bob, Bob is a home sharing host'.
Frank Dellario the author of the article, advises that the script should convey the final product of your documentary and describe each shot you wish to make; however, if it a series of shots for the same sequence you can discuss the series of shots within one row.
Within the video within the article, Dellario also advises the AV script is like a shot list and regular script combined into one and should help determine the length of your project.
By conducting this research, it is clear to me that while doing the AV script with the rest of the group, it is important that we keep the information clear and precise. By setting up the two columns, we are able to clearly envision both the audio and visual aspects of our video. I will also be ensuring that we keep the details clear by describing each shot, cut away and interview footage because if this was to be shown to a client, which ours is BBC 3, this would need to be simple for them to follow and envision for themselves.
I also looked into another website that also discussed the set up of an AV script. It included further information on the topics that were discussed in the article above. For example, the research above advises that you need to keep the information precise and clear. Within this research I have found through Studio Binder (Studio Binder, 2020), it adds that by using abbreviations, this also can further your audio and visual columns being precise and clear because the client would then be aware of the type of audio it is. For example, within the audio column, the article advises you can use abbreviations such as:
MONTAGE - Collection of shots cut together from one to another.
VFX - Any visual effects seen.
V.O - Any narrative spoken over the video.
O.C/SYNC - Any audio to match the visual shown.
SFX - Any sound effect heard.
This was really useful as we want the script to be as clear and precise as possible. By using abbreviations within our AV script, it allows us to know exactly the type of audio or visual shown. For example, we will be using interviews throughout the documentary as well as narrative, by using the abbreviations of 'SYNC' and 'V.O' it allows you to see the difference between the recordings of the audio as soon as you look at the script.
We decided to do the script together on a video call, due to circumstances. Me and George managed the script and together worked out the scene and narrative order. I ensured I used the research I had conducted above, by setting the two columns clearly for both the audio and visual column. As I am the one doing the storyboard for our group, it meant by following that we were able to also do the script efficiently.
With mine and George's research we combined our information and used the abbreviations as recommended within my research to ensure the detailing is correct. We created each row, to each shot we plan on using. Here is a image of the script we conducted together.
I feel it was really useful to combine our research together as it allowed us to create the script and ensure that it was detailed. We combined the abbreviations and used mostly 'SYNC' as this describes the relationship between the audio and visual together. Due to the fact we will be conducting interviews which we be a high percentage of our video, the SYNC shows the audio will be from the visual, mostly interview answers with the footage from the video.
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Transcript
One of the last stages was completing the transcript which I completed for our Roger Smith interview, which needed to be done so that the editor Stan can easily have a way of seeing at which time code the interview answer he was looking for had been giving. Hopefully, it will be beneficial in the edit because it will create a smoother edit with less time restraint. With the transcripts Stan should be able to locate the answer he is wanting to use while following the script and transcript instead of searching through the footage for it.
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Changes 01/05/2020
Unfortunately, due to changes with our main Interviewee Cuneyt Kaya who has no longer responded to our messages, we are having to use narration and social media to now tell his story. As we had asked for permission previously to use everything on his social media, we still have his permission to be able to use his content although he is unable to do the interview. As DP, as I've mentioned above with providing the stock footage and footage I have filmed, it is important I now adapt to this situation and provide screen shots, screen recordings of his social media page so we can reference this as we narrate. Here are some of the screen shots I formed below, that have been put into our shared one drive to ensure that screenshots are there for us to be able to use within the edit for the Barbers segment.
Fig 12. Facebook Screenshot of Kaya Barbers (2020)
Fig 13. Facebook Screenshot of Kaya Barbers (2020)
List of Illustrations
Fig. 1 BBC 3 (2015) BBC 3 [logo] At: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-30894987 (Accessed 18/03/2020)
Fig. 2 ITV (2017) Tweet [Photo] At: https://twitter.com/AsaMcCoy/status/857654110480453632 (Accessed 19/03/2020)
Fig. 3 ITV (2017) Tweet [Photo] At: https://twitter.com/G4LHT/status/857651116464644097 (Accessed 19/03/2020)
Fig. 4 Word Document by George Larman (2020) [One Drive, Screenshot] At: https://ucreative-my.sharepoint.com/:w:/r/personal/1902791_students_ucreative_ac_uk/_layouts/15/Doc.aspx?sourcedoc=%7BD1F18655-A8EC-4DEA-89AB-B4AB4342547D%7D&file=Character%20profiles%20Fake%20news%20information.docx&action=default&mobileredirect=true (Accessed on 19/03/2020)
Fig. 5 Licensing Page by Pexels (2020) [Pexels Website, Screenshot] At: https://www.pexels.com/license/ (Accessed on 20/03/2020)
Fig. 6 Fake News Statistics by JournoLink (2019) [Journolink, Screenshot] At: https://journolink.com/blog/319-fake-news-statistics-2019-uk-worldwide-data (Accessed on 23/03/2020)
Fig. 7 Story Resolution by Katie Lovell (2020) [One Drive, Screenshot] At: https://ucreative-my.sharepoint.com/:p:/r/personal/1902791_students_ucreative_ac_uk/_layouts/15/Doc.aspx?sourcedoc=%7B727B72CE-4C72-4E3C-BEB7-3FF7CECAA869%7D&file=PITCH%20PRESENTATION.pptx&action=edit&mobileredirect=true (Accessed on 23/03/2020)
Fig. 8 Fashion Magazine (2017) Pinterest [Magazine Cover] At: https://www.pinterest.co.uk/pin/267190190374863377/ (Accessed on 24/03/2020)
Fig. 9 SWOT by Katie Lovell (2020) [One Drive, Screenshot] At: https://ucreative-my.sharepoint.com/:p:/r/personal/1902791_students_ucreative_ac_uk/_layouts/15/Doc.aspx?sourcedoc=%7B727B72CE-4C72-4E3C-BEB7-3FF7CECAA869%7D&file=PITCH%20PRESENTATION.pptx&action=edit&mobileredirect=true (Accessed on 23/03/2020)
Fig. 10 AV Script by Katie Lovell and George Larman (2020) [One Drive, Screenshot] At: https://ucreative-my.sharepoint.com/:w:/r/personal/1902791_students_ucreative_ac_uk/_layouts/15/Doc.aspx?sourcedoc=%7BD5E154C3-3587-4121-9E78-04103B224FFD%7D&file=AV%20SCRIPT%20DRAFT%201-%20INFLUENCED%20BY%20LIES.docx&action=default&mobileredirect=true (Accessed on 23/03/2020)
Fig. 11 Roger Smith Transcript by Katie Lovell (2020) [One Drive, Screenshot] At: https://ucreative-my.sharepoint.com/:w:/r/personal/1902791_students_ucreative_ac_uk/_layouts/15/Doc.aspx?sourcedoc=%7B64A06A7B-1B9A-45AF-8E4A-08D3CCED6A20%7D&file=Roger%20Smith%20Interview%20Transcript.docx&action=default&mobileredirect=true (Accessed on 24/03/2020)
Fig. 12 Facebook post by Kaya Barbers (2020) [Facebook, Screenshot] At: https://www.facebook.com/KayaBarbers1/ (Accessed on 23/03/2020)
Fig. 13 Facebook post by Kaya Barbers (2020) [Facebook, Screenshot] At: https://www.facebook.com/KayaBarbers1/ (Accessed on 23/03/2020)
Bibliography:
Alison. (2019) How to make a good Documentary Narration. At: https://www.accreditedlanguage.com/voiceovers/how-to-make-a-great-documentary-narration/ (Accessed 19/03/2020)
Agrawal, H. (2019) How to record outstanding videos using Iphone. At: https://www.shoutmeloud.com/iphone-camera-video-shooting-tips-techniques.html (Accessed 21/03/2020)
Bafta Guru. (2014) Documentary tips from Alex Gibney. At: http://guru.bafta.org/documentary-tips-from-alex-gibney (Accessed 20/03/2020)
Bafta Guru. (2012) Penny Woolcock: Risk and Range in Documentary.
At: http://guru.bafta.org/penny-woolcock-risk-and-range-in-documentary (Accessed 20/03/2020)
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Dawley, S. (2018) 10 Sites to get free stock videos for social media. At: https://blog.hootsuite.com/free-stock-videos-sites/ (Accessed 21/03/2020)
Delarrio, F. (2017) Formatting an AV Script - Pixel Valley Studio. At: https://pixelvalleystudio.com/pmf-articles//formatting-an-av-script (Accessed 04/04/2020)
How to shoot smooth CINEMATIC VIDEO on your Iphone! (2017) [Tutorial] At: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sj6uDhhWFmI (Accessed 20/03/2020)
Journolink. (2019) Fake News statistics - How big is the problem? At: https://journolink.com/blog/319-fake-news-statistics-2019-uk-worldwide-data (Accessed 23/03/2020)
Kachroo, R. (2019) 'ITV News Security Editor reveals why his on air meltdown sends a warning to all diabetics who ignore symptoms of low blood sugar' In: The Daily Mail 02/02/2019. (Accessed 15/03/2020).
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Robinson, O. (2020) 'Coronavirus: How bad information goes viral' In: BBC News 19/03/2020. At: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/blogs-trending-51931394 (Accessed 19/03/2020).
Shinnick, T. (2018) Documentary Filmmaking 101: Effectively Researching Tour Topic. At: https://www.premiumbeat.com/blog/effective-documentary-research-resources/ (Accessed 18/03/2020)
Sociology, G. (2018) Documentary: Meaning, Types of Documentaries films and modes. At: https://www.sociologygroup.com/documentaries-types/ (Accessed 25/03/2020)
Studio Binder. (2020) Ultimate AV Script Template Write Better Ads. At: https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/av-script-template/ (Accessed on 22/03/2020)
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